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Poems about ''Babi Yar'' memorialize a series of massacres committed by the Nazi ''Einsatzgruppe'' during World War II at Babi Yar, a ravine located within the present-day Ukrainian capital of Kiev. In just one of these atrocities – taking place over September 29–30, 1941 – Jewish men, women and children numbering 33,771 were killed in a single ''Einsatzgruppe'' operation. Most, but not all, of the epic poems devoted to depicting the events at Babi Yar were written by Russian and Ukrainian Holocaust survivors. The first known poem on the subject was written in the same year the massacres took place, by Liudmila Titova ((ウクライナ語:Людмила Титова)), a young Jewish-Ukrainian poet from Kiev and an eyewitness to the events. Her poem, ''Babi Yar'', was discovered only in the 1990s. Mykola Bazhan ((ウクライナ語:Микола Бажан)) also wrote a poem called ''Babi Yar'' that year, depicting the massacres in the ravine.〔 Bazhan, a Soviet Communist and anti-war activist, was nominated for the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature. The Party forced him to decline the nomination. In 1961, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, a renowned Soviet poet who was not Jewish, published his own epic ''Babiyy Yar'' in a leading Russian periodical, in part to protest the Soviet Union's refusal to recognize Babi Yar as a Holocaust site.〔 ==Background== On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa.〔Alexander B. Rossino, historian at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., "Polish 'Neighbors' and German Invaders," ''Polin'', Volume 16, 2003.〕 The German army crossed the 1939 former Polish-Soviet border soon thereafter and arrived in Kiev on September 19, 1941.〔 Ten days later, following an explosion at the German army headquarters, Jews were rounded up, marched out of town, made to strip naked and massacred; they were stacked up, layer upon layer, at Babi Yar (literally, a "grandmother's ravine.") For decades after World War II, Soviet authorities were unwilling to acknowledge that the mass murder of Jews at Babi Yar was part of the Holocaust. The victims were generalized as Soviet; mention of their Jewish identity was impermissible, even though their deaths were every bit as much a consequence of the Nazi's genocidal Final Solution as the death camps of occupied Poland (Ehrenburg, Pravda 1944).〔 There was, too, a virtual ban on mentioning the participation of the local police, or the role of the auxiliary battalions sent to Kiev by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B) in rounding up, guarding and murdering their Jewish countrymen. In order to make the connection the Soviets worked so hard to suppress, Holocaust scholars have come to call events such as the massacres at Babi Yar "the Holocaust by bullet."〔 By November 1941, the number of Jews shot dead at Babi Yar exceeded 75,000, according to an official report written by SS commander Paul Blobel. But Babi Yar remained the site of mass executions for two more years after the murder of most of Kiev's Jewish community in the fall of 1941. Later victims included prisoners of war, Soviet partisans, Ukrainian nationalists and Gypsies. Over 100,000 more people died there.〔 The deaths of these non-Jewish victims facilitated the Soviet Union's postwar efforts to suppress recognition of Babi Yar's place in the history of the Holocaust, especially in the aftermath of the 1952 executions of prominent Jewish intellectuals dubbed the "Night of the Murdered Poets." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Babi Yar in poetry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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